Vocabulary for Lesson 13 and a Half

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Learning is work. There are multiple ways to study. Different study strategies will work differently for each student. Serious students should try all of them several (6-7) times to see how they work when done well. For the best learning, every student will likely need to use more than one strategy and switch between them. Here are some tips relating to studying vocabulary. You can adapt them for memorizing texts.

Use multiple senses: read, speak, and hear the material aloud. Then, write your version with a pencil into your notebook and notice how that feels. Then, read your own definition aloud as you study. (combine with the next two strategies)
Use your brain: condense the definitions into a form that makes sense to you. Identify key words for every definition. Think of synonyms that you would use. (combine with the other strategies)
Use your body: say your definition and act it out with an expressiveness that fits the meaning.
Use your friends and family: Ask someone to quiz you using spaced repetition for a set amount of time, from your notes. (Example: for 10 minutes, all questions get repeated, but the quicker and more accurate your answer, the longer the interval until that question comes back. Questions you get wrong are repeated sooner.)
Use basic technology: Show all definitions and hide all the terms on this page. Try to remember each term before you show it (by clicking the definition) to check your answer. Then, show all terms and hide the definitions on the page. Only show a definition (by clicking the term) after you have made your best effort to remember your own version of it.
Use tools: Make a stack of index cards with terms on one side and your definitions on the other. When reviewing, don't check the opposite side until you've made your best effort to remember. Sort them into three stacks: Easy, Hard, and Failed. Then re-sort the Failed cards and work through the Hard cards until they are all Easy.
Use advanced technology: On the web (Example: SuperNotes with free signup or with subscription.) or on an app (Example: Anki), create a stack of virtual cards and let the software quiz you. It will use spaced repetition automatically.
Use brute force memorization: Copy a term and definition from this page. Then navigate to Catechesis Contents > Memorization Tool and paste it into the box, then follow the instructions on that page. (Caution: this works quickly for memorizing texts, but must be repeated a few times after a break for long-term recall. It is less effective than the other strategies for understanding what you memorize.)

Paul's First Missionary Journey

Paul's first missionary journey: The missionary tour of Paul and Barnabas which took them from Antioch in Syria to the island of Cyprus, and the regions of Pamphylia, Pisidia, and Galatia in Asia, and back to Antioch. The highlights of this missionary tour include the conversion of the proconsul Sergius Paulus on the island of Cyprus; the departure of John Mark from the trip; extensive preaching in the synagogues of each city and town they visited; attempts to stone Paul and Barnabas by Jewish opposition in almost every city; Paul and Barnabas being mistaken for the Greek gods Zeus and Hermes because they healed a crippled man, only to have Paul stoned and dragged out of the city nearly dead; and the appointment of elders (ministers of the Gospel) in every city in which churches were founded (Acts 13:4-15:4).
Galatia: The region in Asia visited by Paul on his first missionary journey, where he established churches and sent his first epistle. The first epistle of Paul addressed to the churches of this region taught the central truth of the Gospel, that sinners are justified by God's grace in Christ alone, who has fulfilled the whole will and Law of God for us.
St. Mark, Evangelist (or John Mark): The young man who left Paul and Barnabas on Paul's first missionary journey. Later, as an evangelist under the apostle Peter, he wrote the second gospel. His feast day is 25 April.
Antioch in Pisidia: The city in Pisidia in which, during Paul's first missionary journey, he announced that because of the Jews' rejection of the Gospel, he was turning to the Gentiles to preach it.
Lystra: The city in which, on Paul's first missionary journey, he and Barnabas were mistaken for the Greek gods Zeus and Hermes, and Paul was stoned and dragged out of the city nearly dead.
the Jerusalem council: The gathering in Jerusalem of the apostles and elders of the church to discuss the question of whether the Gentiles had to be circumcised and keep the Law of Moses in order to be saved. This gathering issued the decree that the burden of the Law and circumcision should not be laid upon the Gentiles, because the Jews and Gentiles alike are saved by the grace of Christ alone.

Paul's Second Missionary Journey

Paul's second missionary journey: The missionary tour of Paul and nSilas that took them back through most of the cities and towns of Galatia in which Paul had founded churches on his first missionary journey, and on to the city of Troas at the western edge of the Asian continent. From Troas, Paul received a vision to come to Macedonia (and Greece) on the European continent, where he preached the Gospel in the cities of Philippi, Thessalonica, Berea, Athens, and Corinth, before sailing back across the Aegean Sea to Ephesus, and on to Caesarea, Jerusalem, and Antioch to report on his travels (Acts 15:36-18:22).
Silas: The minister from Jerusalem who accompanied Paul on his second missionary journey and was jailed with him at Philippi.
St. Timothy, Bishop and Martyr
: The young man of a Jewish mother and Greek father from the city of Lystra who was catechized in the Old Testament Scriptures by his mother Eunice and grandmother Lois and further catechized as a Christian by the apostle Paul. Before joining Paul on his second missionary journey, he was circumcised. He became a minister of the Gospel and teacher of other ministers (bishop) under Paul, as well as Paul's scribe and personal envoy to various churches. Paul wrote two pastoral epistles to this man. His feast day is 24 January.
St. Titus, Pastor and Confessor: The early Greek convert to Christianity who remained uncircumcised, became a minister of the Gospel, and was used extensively by the apostle Paul as an envoy to the church at Corinth, and as bishop and teacher of other ministers on the island of Crete. Paul wrote a pastoral epistle to this man. His feast day is 6 February.
St. Luke, Evangelist: The evangelist and well-educated physician of Greek ancestry who was associated with the apostle Paul. He wrote the third gospel and the Acts of the Apostles. His feast day is 18 October.
Philippi: The first city in Macedonia where Paul began to preach the Gospel after leaving Troas on his second missionary journey. In this Roman city with a very small Jewish population and no synagogue, Paul catechized and baptized Lydia, the seller of purple at whose home the church began to meet; cast a demon out of a girl used for a fortunetelling business; and, after being beaten and delivered from prison by an earthquake, catechized and baptized the Roman jailer and everyone in his household. Paul's famous epistle on the joy of faith in Christ in the midst of suffering, containing the great hymn on Christ's humiliation and exaltation, was written to the church in this city.
Thessalonica: The large city in Macedonia visited by Paul on his second missionary journey, in which he preached in the synagogue for three Sabbaths before the Jews stirred up a riot against him among the Gentiles, accusing him of treason against Caesar, and causing the house of Jason to be stormed in an attempt to find him. Two epistles of Paul were written to the church of this city that were intended to strengthen the church in the midst of persecution and to catechize her concerning the Second Coming of Christ and the Judgment.
Berea: The city in Macedonia in which the Jews in the synagogue received the Word of God from Paul by searching the Old Testament Scriptures daily "to find out whether these things were so."
Athens: The most important city of learning and culture in Greek civilization. After reasoning in the synagogue of the Jews and in the marketplace of this city on a daily basis, the Epicurean and Stoic philosophers brought Paul to the Areopagus (Mars Hill) where he preached his famous sermon from an inscription on one of their altars, "TO THE UNKNOWN GOD."
Corinth: The large, wealthy, cosmopolitan port city in southern Greece which served as a crossroads of commerce and culture for the Roman empire. Paul founded a church in this city and stayed there for one and a half years during his second missionary journey. The church in this city, though founded by the apostle Paul, was influenced by the immorality of the culture which surrounded her, and was noted for many doctrinal controversies, including those involving the Lord's Supper, the ministry of the Holy Spirit, and the resurrection of the body. Paul wrote two lengthy epistles to this city: the first dealt with strife in the church over Paul's apostolic authority, manifest immorality in the congregation, and doctrinal controversies concerning speaking in tongues, the Lord's Supper, and the resurrection; the second, highly personal and autobiographic, dealt with a defense of his apostolic office, and spoke comfortingly concerning the Office of the Ministry as the office of reconciliation through the righteousness of Christ.

Paul's Third Missionary Journey

Paul's third missionary journey: The missionary journey of Paul that took him back through previously traveled regions. This missionary tour included a two-year stay by Paul in the city of Ephesus, in which he taught concerning Baptism, worked many miracles among the sick and demon-possessed, and became the focal point of a riot stirred up against him over the Greek goddess Diana because his preaching of the Gospel cut into the profits of the local craftsmen who made and sold her idols. This missionary journey of Paul ended with an exhortation to the Ephesian elders and his return to Jerusalem where he was arrested (Acts 18:23-21:15).
Apollos: The well-education Jewish convert to Christianity from Alexandria, Egypt. He receivd private tutoring from Aquila and Priscilla in Ephesus, who "explained to him the way of God more accurately" before he was sent on to minister to the saints in Achaia (Greece, south of Macedonia).
Ephesus: The large commercial city, three miles off the coast of the Aegean Sea, that was the Roman capital of Asia, and heavily influenced by Greek mythology and the worship of the goddess Diana. During his two-year stay here, Paul wrote several epistles, including 1 and 2 Corinthians. Paul's famous epistle on the church was written to the church of this city.
Troas: The city in Asia in which Paul received the vision to come to Macedonia during his second missionary journey. The city in which the disciple Eutychus died and was brought back to life again by Paul during Paul's third missionary journey, when Eutychus fell asleep during Paul's sermon in the Divine Service and fell from a third-story window.
Greek mythology (paganism): The beliefs in gods and goddesses of nature, love, beauty, fertility, land, sea, war, etc., held by many of the Greeks to whom Paul preached on his missionary journeys.
elder: A common New Testament term for a minister of the Gospel which refers to him as a leader of the church who has spiritual oversight of the preaching, teaching, and sacramental administration in a particular place. This word is used interchangeably with the word "presbyter."

Paul's Arrest and Journey to Rome

Felix: The Roman procurator or governor of Judea, stationed at Caesarea, at the time of Paul's arrest in Jerusalem. This Roman governor kept Paul under arrest for two years, at which time he was succeeded by Porcius Festus.
Festus: The Roman procurator, or governor, of Judea who succeeded Felix and took over the case against paul that eventually resulted in Paul's appeal to Caesar and journey to Rome.
King Agrippa II: One of the Herods who was king of the territory east of Galilee, to whom Pal preached the Gospel when Pal was under arrest by Festus in Caesarea and awaiting his appeal to Caesar. This king, who knew the Old Testament Scriptures, said of Paul's preaching, "You almost persuade me to become a Christian" (Acts 26:28).
Bernice: The sister and incestuous partner of King Agrippa II who was present to hear Paul's testimony before the king.
Caesar: The title for all the Roman emperors after Julius. Those emperors who bore this title during the New Testament times are, in order, Augustus, Tiberius, Claudius, and Nero.
the island of Malta: The island in the Mediterranean Sea, south of Italy, where Paul was shipwrecked on his voyage to Rome. At this place Paul was unharmed by the bite of a poisonous viper, and healed many of various diseases, including Publius, a local magistrate.
Paul's journey to Rome: The journey of Paul by ship across the Mediterranean Sea from Caesarea in Palestine to appear before Caesar in Italy. This trip took place over two years after the end of Paul's third missionary journey.